The epidemic and eradication of trachoma in Iran during the past century reflects the evolution of modern medicine and the emergence of public health. To document these events, to recognize key contributions, and to synthesize lessons learned is a social responsibility.

To develop a comprehensive and credible historical review, we assembled a multidisciplinary team including a medical historian (JRO), disease control authorities from the Ministry of Health (AM and SFM), expert faculty from diverse fields (SFM, EA, SMM, and NB), the principal investigator of the most recent field survey (MK), and a prominent contemporary figure in Iran’s Trachoma control efforts (JA). We reviewed institutional records, government health reports, and medical faculty documents archived in the National Library and Archives of Iran; analyzed the published scientific papers; interviewed the late Professor Hormoz Chams on key events and milestones; and consulted Iran’s 2019 official report on trachoma elimination. We conducted documentary analysis and organized historical developments chronologically. Key actors, institutions, and interventions were identified to reconstruct the evolution of clinical practice, community investigations, and public health programs.